Plane cannot be stalled

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floatplanepilot
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Re: Plane cannot be stalled

Post by floatplanepilot »

Doc wrote:Still don't buy the limited elevator stall scenario.
When I was PRM for a school many moons ago, I had the AMO check and re-rig the elevator cables and stops for at least two 172's because of difficulty getting it to fully stall. There are lots off possible factors, and I am just providing one possibility. If its a common occurrence with one machine verses another, it might be worth getting it looked at.

I have also got a machine back from an inspection with the trim limits set backwards. Not enough nose up trim and too much nose down available, but thats a different story.
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Re: Plane cannot be stalled

Post by mcrit »

I skimmed the other answers and didn't see what I am about to write. If I am repeating what has already been said, then please excuse me.

If you have full aft elevator, and you are not holding altitude, then you are stalled. It has nothing to due with the nose dropping or buffet. A number of people have died because they didn't know that. Someone gets on final, lets the plane get behind the power curve and notices the runway going up the wind screen. They pull back, runway drops more, they pull back more and maybe add some power. Runway keeps going up the windscreen. They reach full aft travel, they are still going under glide path. They are stalled. They don't think they are stalled because the nose hasn't dropped. Again, if you can't hold altitude with full aft elevator, you are stalled. Remember that.

PS. My apologies. I reread the thread and see Doc beat me to it. Seemings how his words were bang on, I see no harm in their repetition above.
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Re: Plane cannot be stalled

Post by photofly »

ahem.
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Re: Plane cannot be stalled

Post by trey kule »

Doc, you just make it so complicated sometimes..

If you have the control column fully aft, and the plane is descending , you must put the nose down to get it flying again. Good grief!

Way to complicated, it seems for some here to understand. Can you dumb it down a a bunch more?

An understanding of both theroretical and practical stalls seems to be almost beyond the comprehension of a great many ot today's pilots.
Perhaps it is the emphasis TC is putting on minimum altitude loss for recovery that makes people want to hold the nose up , and try to power through one. Perhaps it is misunderstanding of the practical definition of a stall. The FAA has a good one on their website.
Perhaps it is a lack of understanding of the slow flight regime, again, maybe because TC requires slow flight to be demonstrated with the horn blaring...no horn..not in slow flight...how dangerous is that to instil in a student's brain?

Or maybe it is because the elevator is rigged incorrectly (love that one).
Are there really only a few of us here that understand that if the control column is full aft and you are descending you had better put the nose down before you hit the ground and die.?
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Last edited by trey kule on Sun Oct 02, 2011 7:31 pm, edited 1 time in total.
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Post by Beefitarian »

Of course I can land without stalling first. Those landings are quite smooth if done correctly. Once you have your wheels on the ground your wing will still stall as you slow down. You will not set off the stall warning system because you will not have the correct airflow to actuate the system.
erics2b wrote:How can one land an airplane with a functioning stall warning indicator without it going off then? Better yet, if you turn the master on while it's in the hangar, why doesn't the stall warning indicator engage? You're certainly below the stall speed!
Now keeping in mind I'm not smart enough to pass the PSTAR anymore because of a combination of being old and not flying enough I'm going to have to guess here.

The stall warning devices are there to warn you that although you have forward motion causing your wing to generate lift you're approaching the (oh, oh, I might drop the ball here, boundry layer?) and will soon not have the angle of attack required for the direction of your airflow to create enough lift to keep the plane in a climb, level flight or controlled decent. Most of those systems work on sensing the low pressure component of lift created by the wing moving to the front of the wing from on top of it as the angle of attack becomes too great. If you increase the angle of attack beyond the initial stall warning then you will stall the wing. At that point the wing will only decend until you change the angle of attack which in most planes requires you to lower the nose, or can no longer decend because you're on the ground.

If you were intentionally only a few feet above the runway in your C-172 this is good and you landed.

I suspect that the lack of vertical airspeed due to you not decending rapidly is not causing the right suction in the case of a C-172 to make the reeds in the stall indicator to continue it's song while you taxi after stalling to land.
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Re: Plane cannot be stalled

Post by iflyforpie »

mcrit wrote: If you have full aft elevator, and you are not holding altitude, then you are stalled.
Not necessarily true.

If I am flying my Cessna 206 at maximum forward C of G (typically two adult males in the front seats, reserve fuel, and a survival kit in the back to save the nose wheel) then as I flare I am at idle with full aft elevator and descending. I usually hit the ground before the otherwise perfectly functioning stall horn goes off, often less than gracefully as the 206 is difficult to finesse in the above configuration unless you add power at the right time.

The simple reason is excessive longitudinal stability that the elevators cannot overcome. In the above configuration it is impossible to stall the aircraft, yet being placed on the back side of the power curve it will descend. Fill it up with people and cargo and it is a completely different aircraft--very light in pitch and extremely easy to stall.


Like I mentioned earlier, the Ercoupe purposefully had limited elevator authority, so it was literally impossible to stall the aircraft... at least power off level flight.


Oh, and FWIW it is very easy to miss rig an elevator. All you have to do is put your inclinometer on the wrong or a different surface than you took the neutral from (Cessna 172 elevators being about as straight as George Michael).
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Re: Plane cannot be stalled

Post by erics2b »

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Last edited by erics2b on Sun Oct 02, 2011 8:25 pm, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: Plane cannot be stalled

Post by trey kule »

IFF.

I am going to say it again...Read the words. slowly. Try to understand.

If you have the control column fully aft and you are descending........you must put the nose down to recover, and enable the aircraft to at least maintain level flight.

We are not talking about landing a 206 with forward CG (which with about 1500 hours on 206s amazes me that you have a not figured out how to deal with the loading you mentioned on landing) .

We are talking about trying to maintain level flight with the control column fully aft when the aircraft is descending. Please share with us all how you would recover from such a situation before you hit the ground?

As to the misrigged elevator...nuff said.


Eric...good grief again...Let me share this with the other pilots who are stupid as me and dont understand tech speak.. Next time you do a walkaround on a plane with one of the little stall warning thingies on the wing, turn on the master switch..Then look at the little thingie...It is down..It is in default position if you like. gravity holding it there and no stall warning horn blaring. Now push it up..You get a stall warning horn going off.
Here is what is happening. When the plane is flying at typcial angles of attack, the airflow will keep that little thingie in the down position. Gravity with no airflow will keep it in the down position when the plane is sitting on the ground.
As you approach the critical angle the airlfow will push it up.....and you get a warning in the plane.
It is not as smart as a vacuum bottle, and does not understand differences in weight , c of g., but because a plane will always stall at the same critical angle of attack it will work just fine under all these conditions. I am not sure about all this other stuff, but if your stall warning horn is going off, it is telling you something.
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Last edited by trey kule on Sun Oct 02, 2011 8:05 pm, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: Plane cannot be stalled

Post by erics2b »

.
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Last edited by erics2b on Sun Oct 02, 2011 8:24 pm, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: Plane cannot be stalled

Post by trey kule »

edited as it was properly pointed out to me I was personally attacking someone for what they believed were correct and appropriate points.
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Last edited by trey kule on Sun Oct 02, 2011 8:28 pm, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: Plane cannot be stalled

Post by Frank Uckër »

Congratulations, Trey! You have lowered yourself to personally attacking an 18 year old.

Stay classy!
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Re: Plane cannot be stalled

Post by erics2b »

I was just trying to clarify the subject of a stall. I never personally attacked you. I guess my contributions here aren't welcome. I apologize.
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Post by Beefitarian »

Trey and eric you knobs. The stall horn on most C-172s which is the plane in question at the start of the thread goes off because the low air pressure has moved to the front of the wing and is causing air to flow through the reeds and bleet. Gravity has no effect on it what so ever.

Further as Trey pointed out before he edited it can go off for hours while you fly in slow flight yet not stalled as it isn't a stall indicator but a stall warning. Once you stall you can continue to be stalled in silence until the thud as you hit something below you if you don't lower the nose.

You both owe me beers or mountain dew with scotch.

Edited just because and I'm not taking out my insult to an 18 year old. Dude's an adult in Canada and can take some ribbing.
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Last edited by Beefitarian on Sun Oct 02, 2011 9:16 pm, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: Plane cannot be stalled

Post by trey kule »

Beefie, You are correct, and I , for one , will make good your demand for libations. But alas, I must wait until my long lost relative from Nigeria sends me the many millions he has promissed before being able acede to this.
BTW.."knobs?....that is the best you could do?"
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Re: Plane cannot be stalled

Post by Beefitarian »

Yes, sorry I'm not as good at being mean as you. :(
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Re: Plane cannot be stalled

Post by SuperchargedRS »

Ah crap, I thought this was a thread on sweet backcountry plane, oh well, carry on
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Re: Plane cannot be stalled

Post by CpnCrunch »

Holy crap, I can't believe the flaming that's resulted from such a simple question about the most common plane in the world :)

While it is of course true that you can be stalled nose-high, doesn't the 172N nose always drop with 30 degrees of flap at idle? If so then the plane must be mis-rigged or the trim was nose-down. I mean, this is a pretty basic thing, and it is repeatable. Either the nose drops or it doesn't. It's not something that we should be flaming each other over.

It's been quite a few years since I flew a 172N, but I'm pretty sure the nose should always drop in that situation. Please can a flight instructor (or someone else knowledgable) confirm or deny this and put us all out of our misery.
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Re: Plane cannot be stalled

Post by burhead1 »

CpnCrunch wrote: It's been quite a few years since I flew a 172N, but I'm pretty sure the nose should always drop in that situation. Please can a flight instructor (or someone else knowledgable) confirm or deny this and put us all out of our misery.
I think that depends on how you enter the stall, if just before the stall you pull her into your chest you will get a nice clean nose drop. If you slowly pull back and allow it to stall, you will(may) not get a nose drop, you get more of a mush. it will depend at this point how much airflow is over the elevator. If you have a forward c of g and a elevator in your chest you can fly her nice and level strait to the ground.
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Re: Plane cannot be stalled

Post by Beefitarian »

CpnCrunch wrote:Holy crap, I can't believe the flaming that's resulted from such a simple question about the most common plane in the world :).
it seemed to be light hearted and playful before Frank arrived. Maybe he's more serious than me. Sorry if everyone is frightened because I seemed angry.
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Re:

Post by Bede »

Beefitarian wrote:Of course I can land without stalling first. Those landings are quite smooth if done correctly. Once you have your wheels on the ground your wing will still stall as you slow down. You will not set off the stall warning system because you will not have the correct airflow to actuate the system.
Sorry Beef, but you are completely incorrect. Once you have set the wheels down you are not stalled. Remember that adage about you can stall at any airspeed...as long as the critical angle of attack is exceeded. What is the AOA when you are going down the runway at 40KIAS? Once you figure that out, look at a lift drag curve for the airfoil and see if the wing is stalled. The wing is still producing a significant amount of lift, just not enough to sustain the aircraft in flight.

As you slow down, your Reynolds number will decrease at which point your lift/drag curves become irrelevant and you start dealing with viscous effects and angle of attack/stalling becomes a moot point.
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Re: Plane cannot be stalled

Post by Frank Uckër »

Once you have set the wheels down you are not stalled
Exactly! The wing produces less and less lift as you slow down - the weight of the aircraft is now supported by the landing gear and no longer by the wings.

You know the wing isn't stalled because the stall warning indicator isn't on during the rollout.

Before he was attacked and deleted his posts, I think eric2sb was trying to make this point: if you turn the master on when the aircraft is in the hangar, the stall warning horn/light doesn't go off, because the wing isn't stalled sitting in the hangar. It's not producing any lift. It's not stalled during the landing rollout or during taxi either - look at the relative angle of attack of the airflow!

At the risk of being personally attacked here, no one does a full-stall landing unless they drop it onto the runway hard. You might have the stall warning horn/light on, but that doesn't mean you exceeded the stalling angle of attack - just that you are getting close to it.

Again at the risk of a vicious personal attack, I might suggest people here review the coefficient of lift curve. There are two points on the curve where you can produce the same lift - less than and greater than the stalling AOA. Think about what that implies, during stall practice.
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Re: Plane cannot be stalled

Post by iflyforpie »

Frank Uckër wrote: Again at the risk of a vicious personal attack, I might suggest people here review the coefficient of lift curve. There are two points on the curve where you can produce the same lift - less than and greater than the stalling AOA. Think about what that implies, during stall practice.
I'm not going to attack you, and what you say is factually true, but pretty much impossible to achieve in a normal aircraft unless you have a lot of excess thrust, good low speed control authority, and lightning reflexes.

Yes, there are two points where I can produce the same lift coefficient pre and post stall. But post stall, I have to have the same airspeed as pre-stall, not something your average trainer is going to be able to achieve.

Next, everything is going to be backwards. Pitching down will increase lift coefficient, pitching up will decrease it. Not very instinctive.

Finally, you've got this thing called longitudinal stability fighting you. Once your lift coefficient starts to decrease, the wing is going to fall and the horizontal stabilizer... loafing along at a low lift coefficient... will keep flying and point the nose down... even if the pilot is trying to prevent it by pulling back unless you've got huge elevator surfaces and perhaps an aft C of G.



As for stalling an airplane on, absolutely you can do it. Three point a taildragger and you've stalled it on... in three point attitude many taildraggers wings are beyond the stalling angle of attack.


Should you stall every plane on? No. Again going back to the lift coefficient curve you talked about earlier, not all are created equal.

If you've got a plane with a large amount of camber in the wing and a very rounded leading edge and low wing loading, the top of the curve will be very rounded. As we approach the stall, we can change the angle of attack quite a bit without appreciably changing the lift coefficient. This is what makes landing those types of planes at low speed a dream, you can ham fist it and the plane doesn't do much. If you finesse it, you can control it very precisely.

In another world are the jets and other high performance aircraft with their high wing loading, non cambered (laminar flow) or inverse cambered (super critical) airfoils, and often pointy leading edges. These have a lift coefficient graph with a sharp peak at the top. You don't want to go anywhere near this one because things happen rapidly when you go past it.


Now back to our 172. If you are around a decent sized field and there are a bunch of 172s or even 182s or 185s around that haven't been modified, take a close look at them. The straight tails all the way to the mid-sixties 172s will have a moderately sharp leading edge. Then go find a later model 172, mid 1970s or later. The leading edges on these are very fat and rounded and actually droop a bit. In fact, minus the wing fences they actually have a poor man's Horton STOL kit installed with the conical camber wingtips.

That is what makes these newer ones much easier to fly, much more stable at lower speeds, and if you shave off a few knots on approach, an absolute dream to land. They don't break very easily at the stall. They don't spin worth crap (also thanks to the larger dorsal fin). Put in some power and they will just mush. At light weights, stall speed goes down, elevator authority does as well, combined perhaps with a bit of miss rigging and maybe a bit of a decent and I could easily see this aircraft not having a clean break stall.
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Re: Plane cannot be stalled

Post by 2R »

The stall exercise is to teach the ability to recognise and recover from a stalled condition.
Recognition is easy in a docille aircraft like a c-172
-loss of liftin a c-172 it might only be 300 fpm, in a DH-2 it may be 1000 fpm straight down like a greased manhole cover
-sloppy controls
-slow airspeed for (most stall exercises as high speed stalls cause wrinkles)
-sometimes the horn comes on (not always)
-very little buffet in a cessna
-an uncommanded change of attitude usually pitch in the c-172,poorly rigged it may roll off to one side first
Once the pilot has recognized the stall and no longer wants to fly the airplane in a stalled condition the recovery should be initiated
Recovery
-reduce the angle of attack
-add power to get in a safe flyable airspeed range
-keep it co-ordinated as you add power to avoid a spin entry
-remove seat cusions from buttocks and clean same before next student :mrgreen: :mrgreen:
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Last edited by 2R on Mon Oct 03, 2011 9:32 am, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: Plane cannot be stalled

Post by Beefitarian »

But I put little dots to separate my ideas into sentances.

One said you can land and not be stalled.

Then after saying it could be a smooth landing I stated the wing would stall after you slowed down. I don't understand what's wrong there?

The stall will be much quicker and completly unnoticeable because you won't drop since you can't change the angle of attack but there will be that moment where your forward airspeed causes a transition from having enough lift to fly to not.

Is that not a practical stall? If the wing is not generating enough lift to support the weight what are you calling that instead of stalled. I know you will not get decent due to not having anywhere to go since the wheels are supported.

Are we agreeing that you can have the wheels touching a surface and not be stalled? Thus if you pull the control back the plane will lift off or fly.
Now if you have slowed down you are in not that flying condition any more.

We're not even ready to talk about ground effect alteringing things yet here.
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Re: Plane cannot be stalled

Post by iflyforpie »

Beefitarian wrote: Then after saying it could be a smooth landing I stated the wing would stall after you slowed down. I don't understand what's wrong there.
For nose draggers or taildraggers with low body angles in the three point (like Citabrias), it is possible to do an entire landing and taxi without stalling for the simple reason the wing does not exceed the critical angle of attack.

When you slow down to a high taxi speed in a nose dragger, the wings are still producing lift. Maybe not enough to lift the aircraft, but they are still producing lift. If you raise the nose gear off the ground (like soft field) they will produce more lift, reducing the weight on the tires.

Now lets go to taildragger. A short coupled nose high taildragger will be in a stalled configuration when in three point. At high taxi again, our wings are producing lift, not enough to lift the plane up, but they are also producing a lot of drag. What do we do? If we want to takeoff again, we give it power and lift the tail up. Now the wings are unstalled, we've got rid of a ton of drag, the plane is lighter on its gear, and we can go flying.

Two opposite actions to do the same thing, because one wing was stalled and the other was not.
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Last edited by iflyforpie on Mon Oct 03, 2011 9:43 am, edited 1 time in total.
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